1-Understand and explain advanced microbiological techniques and their applications in clinical and research settings.

2-Utilize molecular tools such as PCR, next-generation sequencing, and CRISPR for diagnostic and therapeutic microbiology.

3-Implement advanced culturing methods and automated systems for microbial identification and susceptibility testing.

4-Apply bioinformatics tools to analyze microbial genomes and interpret data for epidemiological purposes.

5-Evaluate the role of modern microbiology in combating antimicrobial resistance and emerging infectious diseases.

6-Integrate innovative technologies into microbiology workflows to improve accuracy and efficiency.