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1-Explain the basic principles of Doppler ultrasound and its role in vascular assessment.
2-Identify the normal sonographic anatomy and Doppler characteristics of arterial and venous blood flow.
3-Describe appropriate patient preparation, positioning, scanning protocols, and Doppler parameters for vascular examinations.
4-Recognize common vascular abnormalities, including stenosis, occlusion, thrombosis, aneurysms, and venous insufficiency.
5-Interpret vascular Doppler findings and correlate them with clinical information to support accurate diagnosis and clinical decision-making.