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1-Explain the principles, indications, and clinical components of total parenteral nutrition.
2-Assess patients' nutritional requirements and determine appropriate TPN needs based on clinical and metabolic status.
3-Calculate appropriate macronutrient, electrolyte, fluid, vitamin, and trace-element requirements for TPN.
4-Apply safe practices for TPN preparation, administration, vascular access, and infection prevention.
5-Recognize and manage common metabolic, infectious, and catheter-related complications associated with TPN.
6-Monitor patients receiving TPN and evaluate laboratory parameters, tolerance, and treatment response.
7-Develop individualized TPN plans and adjust nutritional therapy according to changes in the patient's clinical condition.