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1-Recognize the fundamental principles of common spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR, NMR, AAS, etc.).
2-Analyze the selection criteria for spectroscopic methods based on sample type and analytical requirements.
3-Illustrate how instrumentation and calibration procedures are applied in spectroscopic analysis.
4-Apply spectroscopic techniques to qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis.
5-Evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and limitations of different spectroscopic methods in laboratory settings.